„Grilling the data“: Plädoyer für einen intensiveren Blick auf die Ergebnisse klinischer Studien
Prof. Dr. med. Dr. hc Peter Paul Nawroth
First publication date: 03.08.2026
Abstract: „Grilling the data“: Plädoyer für einen intensiveren Blick auf die Ergebnisse klinischer Studien
Einleitung: Ein Arzt möchte seinem Patienten helfen. Die auf hippokratische Traditionen zurückgeführte Grundeinstellung des Arzt-Seins, das ‚primum non nocere‘, wird durch eine zweite Aufforderung ergänzt: ‚secundum cavere‘ = vorsichtig sein. Dies wird oft nur als Aufforderung verstanden, sich genau das Problem des Patienten anzuschauen. Eine andere Interpretation lautet: eine Verpflichtung zum tiefgründigen Verstehen dessen, was man tut. Das gelingt nur durch eigenständiges Lesen und Interpretieren der Originalliteratur. Modern formuliert: ‚kritisch erkunden, denkend verantworten‘. Methoden: Dafür reicht es nicht, sich auf Kongressen fortzubilden, Leitlinien zu kennen oder der Werbung des Pharmavertreters zuzuhören. Um dem ‚kritisch Erkunden, denkend verantworten‘ = ‚cavere‘ als Vorgehensweise gerecht zu werden, muss man willens und in der Lage sein, die Originalarbeiten zu verstehen und die Interpretation der Wissenschaftler zu hinterfragen. Ergebnisse: Dies sollte eine wichtige ärztliche Tätigkeit sein. Sie darf nicht alleine Lobbyisten und Fachgesellschaften überlassen werden, denn der eigenständig hinterfragende Blick des klinisch tätigen Arztes auf die Originaldaten führt häufig zu anderen Schlüssen als der der Wissenschaftler, Experten und Fachgesellschaften. Wenn viele Ärzte wenigsten einige Originalstudien lesen, wird dies eine Wirkung erzeugen, der die Experten und Interessenvertreter sich nicht entziehen können: Die aus Patientensicht klinisch relevanten Kriterien werden die Kriterien ersetzen, die aus berufspolitischer Sicht oft zur Überinterpretation der von ihrer eigenen Forschung enthusiasmierten Wissenschaftler führen. Diskussion: Die Chance für eine Aufwertung des Arztberufes und Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung wird an einem Beispiel beschrieben.
Abstract: „Grilling the data”: A call for a closer look at the results of clinical trials
Introduction: A doctor wishes to help his patient. The fundamental ethos of the medical profession, traced back to Hippocratic traditions—‘primum non nocere’= not to do harm - is complemented by a second imperative: ‘secundum cavere’ = to be cautious. This is often understood merely as a call to examine the patient’s problem closely. Another interpretation is: a commitment to a profound understanding of what one is doing. This can be achieved only through independent reading and interpretation of the original literature. To put it in modern terms: ‘Critically explore, take responsibility through reflection’. Methods: It is not enough to attend conferences for further training, to be familiar with guidelines, or to listen to the pharmaceutical representative’s sales pitch. To do justice to the approach of ‘critically exploring, taking responsibility through reflection’ = ‘cavere’, one must be willing and able to understand the original works and to question the scientists’ interpretations. Results: This should be an important part of a doctor’s work. It must not be left solely to lobbyists and professional societies, since the clinically practising doctor’s independent, critical examination of the original data often leads to different conclusions than those of scientists, experts and professional societies. If a significant number of doctors were to read at least some of the original studies, this would have an impact, experts and stakeholders could not ignore: criteria that are clinically relevant from the patient’s perspective would replace those that, from a professional policy perspective, often lead scientists—enthused by their own research—to over-interpret their findings. Discussion: An example is provided to illustrate the opportunity this presents for enhancing the standing of the medical profession and improving patient care.
Keywords (German)
Arzt, Fortbildung, kritischer Rationalismus, Patientenversorgung, statistics
Keywords (English)
critical rationalism, Education, patient care, physician, statistics
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Der Autor erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte vorliegen.
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- Issue: MVF 04/26 Publication Date: 03.08.2026 All issues as PDF Subscribe to print magazine Order single issue Open Access

