FORTA: An algorithm for evaluating and optimizing drug therapy in elderly patients
Dipl.-Kfm. Timo Schulte MBA / Andree Rabenberg MSc / Dr. rer. medic. hc Helmut Hildebrandt / Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. pole. Sabine Bohnet-Joschko / Prof. Dr. Martin Wehling
The aging of society with a significant increase in the number of elderly and very old patients is known to be a socio-political and therefore also a medical challenge (World Population Aging 2017). Older patients usually suffer from several chronic illnesses and therefore have to take numerous medications at the same time: multimorbidity and multimedication, also known as polypharmacy, have therefore long been the focus of medical interest in this context (van den Akker et al. 1998, Kaufman et al. 2002). Therefore, it can be difficult for treating physicians to find the right balance between over- and under-care; It is important to avoid harmful drugs and not to forget cheaper drugs, i.e. to minimize risks (e.g. side effects) but also not to miss opportunities (e.g. fewer strokes) (Maher et al. 2014, Barnett et al. 2012). Older patients continue to be underrepresented in clinical research, so there is little evidence on the appropriateness and safety of many medications in old age (Wehling 2011). To support doctors, the FORTA classification (Fit for The Aged) and from it the FORTA list were developed in a Delphi consensus process (Wehling 2008, Kuhn-Thiel et al. 2014), in which active ingredients are combined with age-relevant indications are rated hierarchically from A (positive) to D (negative) by over 20 medical and pharmacological experts (A-bsolutely, B-eneficial, C-areful, D-on't). The use of the FORTA list was clinically successful in a randomized endpoint study (VALFORTA) and was relatively easy and efficient to teach as a learning tool (Wehling et al. 2016). This evaluation approach is now to be tested and used IT-based as an automated algorithm for medication optimization.
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First publication date: 04.10.2019
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Abstract: FORTA: Ein Algorithmus zur Bewertung und Optimierung der Arzneimitteltherapie älterer Patienten
Die Arzneimitteltherapie älterer Menschen ist eine Herausforderung, erst recht, wenn die Patienten multimorbide sind und zahlreiche Medikamente parallel einnehmen. Risiken wie schwere Neben- oder Wechselwirkungen müssen vermieden, gleichzeitig Chancen, wie zum Beispiel die Verhinderung von Schlaganfällen, genutzt werden. Der basierend auf der FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) Klassifikation entwickelte Algorithmus FORTA-EPI, der Wirkstoffe in Verbindung mit altersrelevanten Indikationen hierarchisch von A (positiv) bis D (negativ) bewertet (A-bsolutely, B-eneficial, C-areful, D-on‘t), soll als elektronisches Tool nun Entscheidungsunterstützung bei der Anpassung der Arzneimitteltherapie geriatrischer Patienten bieten. Nach klinischer Validierung der Sinnhaftigkeit des FORTA-Konzepts wurde der Algorithmus dementsprechend entwickelt und auf regionaler Ebene getestet. Grundlage waren GKV-Routinedaten von Krankenkassen in Verbindung mit Integrierten Versorgungssystemen im Kontext von OptiMedis. In den Testregionen ermittelte der Algorithmus durchschnittlich etwas mehr als 4 Abweichungen von den FORTA-Empfehlungen pro Patient ab 65 Jahren. Etwa ein Drittel der Abweichungen geht auf Überversorgung zurück, die anderen zwei Drittel auf Unterversorgung. Die Ergebnisse, die von der regionalen Ebene auch heruntergebrochen werden können auf die Ebene der Versorgungseinrichtungen bzw. der Patienten, können wiederum genutzt werden, um Verbesserungspotenziale zu ermitteln und Schulungsmaßnahmen daran anzuschließen.
Abstract: FORTA: An Algorithm for the Assessment and Optimization of Drug Therapy in Older People
Drug therapy for the elderly is a challenge, especially when patients are multimorbid and take numerous drugs in parallel. Risks such as severe side effects or interactions must be avoided, while at the same time taking advantage of opportunities such as the prevention of strokes. Based on the FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) classification, the FORTA-EPI algorithm, which evaluates active substances in combination with age-relevant indications hierarchically from A (positive) to D (negative) (A-bsolutely, B-eneficial, C-areful, D-on‘t), is in-tended to be an electronic tool to provide decision support in adapting the drug therapy of geriatric patients. After clinical validation of the usefulness of the FORTA concept, the algorithm was developed accordingly and tested at a regional level. This was based on health services data from sickness funds cooperating with integrated care systems in the context of OptiMedis. In the test regions, the algorithm measured on average just over 4 deviations from the FORTA recommendations per patient aged 65 and over. About one-third of the deviations are due to oversupply, the other two-thirds to undersupply. The results, which can also be broken down from the regional level to the level of care facilities or patients, may in turn be used to identify potential for improvement and to follow training sessions.
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